https://vincentgrimaldi.net Vincent Grimaldi Mon, 08 Jan 2024 21:35:13 +0000 https://vincentgrimaldi.net en https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Texture-Synth Thu, 09 Nov 2023 17:19:29 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Texture-Synth Parametric Synthesis of Crowd Noises in Virtual Acoustic Environments This paper presents the design and evaluation of a parametric sound texture synthesis for the generation of crowd noise in virtual acoustic environments. It allows the control of the crowd size, its level of excitement, and its spatial distribution in real-time. A corpus-based concatenative approach is used to generate single streams of indistinct speech that are superimposed to create an unintelligible "babbling" texture. Speech material was recorded in semi-supervised group discussions in the anechoic chamber. The database is used in a real-time implementation with a subsequent rendering using dynamic binaural synthesis. Listening tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of different parameter settings, as well as the perceived “naturalness” of the simulation. Publication ➔ <img width="2554" height="1434" width_o="2554" height_o="1434" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/2d83285a468d973b375ade458b22d24009e2251df56dbd0f492dc771eb763f97/Capture-decran-2023-11-14-a-22.11.42.png" data-mid="196873331" border="0" data-scale="90" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/2d83285a468d973b375ade458b22d24009e2251df56dbd0f492dc771eb763f97/Capture-decran-2023-11-14-a-22.11.42.png" /> <img width="2322" height="1502" width_o="2322" height_o="1502" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a7b43443512842d81e04a8d27438c6ee7b94ce74fb0fba16ef5395b340f4eb4e/Capture-decran-2023-11-14-a-21.24.35.png" data-mid="196870138" border="0" data-scale="91" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a7b43443512842d81e04a8d27438c6ee7b94ce74fb0fba16ef5395b340f4eb4e/Capture-decran-2023-11-14-a-21.24.35.png" /> https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Distance-HI Thu, 09 Nov 2023 17:17:31 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Distance-HI Perception of Auditory Distance in Normal-Hearing and Moderate-to-Profound Hearing-Impaired Listeners The auditory system allows the estimation of the distance to sound-emitting objects using multiple spatial cues. In virtual acoustics over headphones, a prerequisite to render auditory distance impression is sound externalization, which denotes the perception of synthesized stimuli outside of the head. Prior studies have found that listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss are able to perceive auditory distance and are sensitive to externalization. However, this ability may be degraded by certain factors, such as non-linear amplification in hearing aids or the use of a remote wireless microphone. In this study, 10 normal-hearing and 20 moderate-to-profound hearing-impaired listeners were instructed to estimate the distance of stimuli processed with different methods yielding various perceived auditory distances in the vicinity of the listeners. Two different configurations of non-linear amplification were implemented, and a novel feature aiming to restore a sense of distance in wireless microphone systems was tested. The results showed that the hearing-impaired listeners, even those with a profound hearing loss, were able to discriminate nearby and far sounds that were equalized in level. Their perception of auditory distance was however more contracted than in normal-hearing listeners. Non-linear amplification was found to distort the original spatial cues, but no adverse effect on the ratings of auditory distance was evident. Finally, it was shown that the novel feature was successful in allowing the hearing-impaired participants to perceive externalized sounds with wireless microphone systems. Publication&nbsp;➔&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Lowcost-Ext Thu, 09 Nov 2023 17:09:43 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Lowcost-Ext Externalization of virtual sounds using low computational cost algorithms for hearablesIn binaural sound reproduction, it has been shown that externalization improves the listening comfort. Using individualized binaural room impulse responses, it is possible to simulate sound sources in a given room for a listener wearing headphones. However, in some real-time binaural sound applications such as miniaturized hearables, it is not always possible to use such optimal filtering. This potentially results in the perception of virtual sources inside the head rather than externalized. Being able to be aware of surroundings in space, referred as spatial awareness, is another crucial feature in this type of application. This study assessed three sound spatialization algorithms that aim to optimize externalization while preserving spatial awareness. Those algorithms were designed to be implementable on wearable devices, using low computational power and little memory. These algorithms were evaluated in terms of externalization as well as spatial awareness. The results show that a convincing externalization can be achieved with those low computational cost algorithms while preserving spatial awareness. Publication ➔ <img width="834" height="559" width_o="834" height_o="559" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ed3f3280d5ae1202f7ebdd2501ed77be7b14b92e6f234f45b43518176cc8961e/listeningroom.PNG" data-mid="197865852" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/834/i/ed3f3280d5ae1202f7ebdd2501ed77be7b14b92e6f234f45b43518176cc8961e/listeningroom.PNG" /> https://vincentgrimaldi.net/HT Thu, 09 Nov 2023 17:08:01 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/HT Human Head Yaw Estimation Based on Two 3-Axis AccelerometersThe estimation of the orientation of an object, and a human head in particular, can be defined by the Euler angles: the yaw, pitch and roll. The robust and drift-free estimation of those angles is usually achieved with the data from several sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, processed with sensor fusion algorithms. However, wearable devices such as hearing instruments are rarely equipped with all those sensors, and might usually only have a single accelerometer embedded per device. While it is possible to retrieve a correct estimation of the roll and pitch using only a single accelerometer, estimating the yaw is a more challenging task as accelerations around the gravity vector cannot be detected by an accelerometer. In the context of binaural communication devices and spatial hearing, the yaw of the head is a key information that helps achieving dynamic binaural synthesis. This work proposes an algorithm that aims at estimating the yaw of a human head by using only two 3-axis accelerometers that are placed at each side of the head. The algorithm is evaluated with acceleration measurements of human subjects achieving a realistic task. The results suggest that the strategy used is promising as a good performance can be achieved for a majority of the measures as long as an individualized set of parameters can be selected. The results also suggest that the performance of the current implementation is sensitive to sensor displacement after calibration or a wrong estimation during initialization. Publication ➔ <img width="626" height="505" width_o="626" height_o="505" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cac05d1527d5accceb8df9f9bf091853f5e0ada422de9bf7f196e6a5b33cec21/acceleroHI.jpg" data-mid="196871479" border="0" data-scale="65" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/626/i/cac05d1527d5accceb8df9f9bf091853f5e0ada422de9bf7f196e6a5b33cec21/acceleroHI.jpg" /> https://vincentgrimaldi.net/HT-artefacts Thu, 09 Nov 2023 16:59:32 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/HT-artefacts Effects of head-tracking artefacts on auditory externalization and localization in azimuthHead tracking combined with head movements have been shown to improve auditory ex-ternalization of a virtual sound source and contribute to the performance in localization. With certain technically constrained head-tracking algorithms, as can be found in wearable devices, artefacts can be encountered. Typical artefacts could consist of an estimation mismatch or a tracking latency. The experiments reported in this article aim to evaluate the effect of such artefacts on the spatial perception of a non-individualized binaural synthesis algorithm. The first experiment focused on auditory externalization of a frontal source while the listener was performing a large head movement. The results showed that a degraded head tracking combined with head movement yields a higher degree of externalization compared to head movements with no head tracking. This suggests that the listeners could still take advantage of spatial cues provided by the head movement. The second experiment consisted of a localization task in azimuth with the same simulated head-tracking artefacts. The results showed that a large latency (400 ms) did not affect the ability of the listeners to locate virtual sound sources compared to a reference headtracking. However, the estimation mismatch artefact reduced the localization performance in azimuth. Publication ➔ https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Annoyance Thu, 09 Nov 2023 16:56:18 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Annoyance Sound annoyance evaluation of single pass-by vehicle noise.Traffic noise monitoring usually relies on acoustic metrics, such as A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level. With the current development of noise radars, the noise emitted by a single vehicle can be tracked from a fixed position close to the road. However, equivalent sound level may not fully explain the sound annoyance generated by each single vehicle. Such sound can be considered short and time-varying. In this study, fifty naive participants were asked to rate the perceived annoyance when listening to 3 s pass-by vehicle sounds excerpts. The sounds were played from a loudspeaker at four fixed percentile loudness levels. The audio excerpts were chosen to span over typical range of values in terms of roughness and fluctuation strength. The correlation of the subjective annoyance ratings with several psychoacoustic metrics of the literature was investigated. The results suggest that A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level as well as Zwicker’s model of sound annoyance may not be the best indicators of the actual annoyance perceived by listeners for this type of sounds. The averaged instantaneous loudness, computed with either Zwicker’s model or Moore-Glasberg’s model, provided the best correlation with the subjective annoyance ratings. https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Home Mon, 08 Jan 2024 21:35:13 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Home https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Sound Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:57:36 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Sound <img width="5167" height="2607" width_o="5167" height_o="2607" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/59a6674616347f847782967ccc6da36b6b00a62e2fada30d44248ddcf4a62a86/_MG_5881-copie.JPG" data-mid="196508352" border="0" data-scale="98" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/59a6674616347f847782967ccc6da36b6b00a62e2fada30d44248ddcf4a62a86/_MG_5881-copie.JPG" />➔ Bandcamp [fr] Vincent développe un rapport au sonore à partir de pratiques comme la prise de son, les manipulations sur magnétophones à bande, la synthèse analogique et différents dispositifs électroacoustiques: microphones, haut-parleurs, tables de mixage. Dans ses travaux, il s’intéresse aux feedbacks, à la phonographie, aux artefacts d'enregistrement / reproduction des media analogiques, aux transformations par le support et aux phénomènes (psycho)acoustiques. [eng] Vincent is developing a relationship with sound based on practices such as field recording, reel-to-reel tape recorder manipulations, analog modular synthesis and various electroacoustic setups: mixing boards, microphones and loudspeakers. In particular, he is interested in feedbacks, phonography, recording and reproduction artefacts of the analog media, transformation through the medium and (psycho)acoustic phenomena. <img width="1200" height="1200" width_o="1200" height_o="1200" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/5dc53fa055184818e6ee96183d4358dedcd738dd6c0a6b81013f62960d548da2/a1098463645_10.jpg" data-mid="219767336" border="0" data-scale="92" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/5dc53fa055184818e6ee96183d4358dedcd738dd6c0a6b81013f62960d548da2/a1098463645_10.jpg" /> débris d’éclatsPart I, 06’25” Part II,&nbsp;06’07” Part III,&nbsp;05’55” Part IV, 05’27” Part V, 02’40” Part VI, 06’25” Field recording / Revox / Serge modularReleased October 11, 2024Recorded in 2022-2024 in LausanneCD-R published by Kirigirisu Recordings - kgr051 Listen <img width="2535" height="2535" width_o="2535" height_o="2535" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/257e77af2d24905e3c2c00099328420c65554b1e35bc07d6ec4a721db33a30ba/_MG_5974_.JPG" data-mid="236959920" border="0" data-scale="92" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/257e77af2d24905e3c2c00099328420c65554b1e35bc07d6ec4a721db33a30ba/_MG_5974_.JPG" /> VacoaVacoa 1, 07’09”Vacoa 2, 06’48”Vacoa 3, 05’55”Vacoa 4, 04’34”Vacoa 5, 04’30”Serge Modular / Piezo micsThese pieces are made mostly of feedbacks recorded either with a Serge Modular system or electro-acoustic setups.Released March 16, 2022 Recorded in 2020-2021 in LausanneTape published by Scum Yr Earth - SCUM TAPES 104 Listen Geophana&nbsp; 10’58” Field recording / Serge Modular Phonographies from Luberon and Bernese Alps in 2020. Recorded and composed in Lausanne in 2021.Originally presented in the Phonurgia Nova Awards 2021 - Prix "Paysage Sonore" Listen La Para10’46”Serge Modular / Field RecordingOriginally presented in the GRM Découvertes Prize 2020 Radio diffusion - France Musique, L’expérimentale ~ awardsComposition Prize (2nd) Phonurgia Awards - Field Recording (Paysage Sonore) 2021Composition Prize (3rd) INA-GRM Découvertes 2020Special Award - Luc Ferrari "Presque Rien" Composition Prize 2019 ~ some concerts / diffusions Quadriphonic performance + duo w/ Vincent Jehanno, espace d’art Humus, Lausanne , 03.11.2025 Quadriphonic performance + duo w/ Vincent Jehanno, Néomartine, Lausanne, 27.09.2024 Quadriphonic performance, espace d’art Humus, Lausanne, 25.05.2024Multichannel concert, The Centerpoint, Cinéma Bellevaux, Lausanne, 05.05.2023Diffusion, Chambre d’écoute Département d’Art Sonore, Musée Reattu, Arles, 2022Diffusion, Fête des sens, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle - Jardin des Plantes, Paris, 2022Diffusion, Presque Rien, Galerie Univer ( Muse en circuit ), Paris, 2020Quadriphonic concert, Réduction Verticale, Grrrnd Zero, Lyon, 2019 https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Research Mon, 06 Nov 2023 17:33:01 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Research ~ research interestsperception de l’espace sonore / psychoacoustique&nbsp; / perception auditive / synthèse sonore spatial hearing / psychoacoustics / auditory perception / sound synthesis ~ selected projects (click for details)2024 Design of a custom spatialization tool for a multi-channel sound system ➔ 2022-2023 Sound annoyance evaluation of single pass-by vehicle noise ➔ 2021-2022 Effects of head-tracking artefacts on externalization and localization in azimuth during binaural reproduction ➔ 2020-2021 Head-tracking for dynamic binaural rendering based on two 3-axis accelerometers ➔ 2020 Auditory externalization during binaural reproduction using low computational cost algorithms ➔ 2018-2019 Perception of auditory distance in normal-hearing and moderate-to-profound hearing-impaired listeners ➔ 2017 Parametric synthesis of texture sounds in a binaural environment ➔ <img width="830" height="283" width_o="830" height_o="283" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c7ed49a153dbc33f734c20a7f0a52cefd6de89f22ea6798469fab419d93f2c15/listeningroom.png" data-mid="197978953" border="0" data-scale="56" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/830/i/c7ed49a153dbc33f734c20a7f0a52cefd6de89f22ea6798469fab419d93f2c15/listeningroom.png" /> ~ publicationsMost publications are available as .pdf here and&nbsp;here, feel free to contact me if you need access to a specific document. JOURNAL ARTICLES Effects of head-tracking artefacts on auditory externalization and localization in azimuth with wearable binaural devices V. Grimaldi, L. Simon, G. Courtois, H. Lissek, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 71(10): 650-663, 2023 Head yaw estimation based on two 3-axis accelerometers V. Grimaldi, L. Simon, M. Sans, G. Courtois, H. Lissek, IEEE Sensors Journal, 22(17): 1-12, 2022 Perception of auditory distance in normal-hearing and moderate-to-profound hearing-impaired listeners G. Courtois, V. Grimaldi, H. Lissek, P. Estoppey, E. Georganti, Trends in Hearing, Vol. 23: 1-18, 2019 PHD THESIS Auditory externalization of a remote microphone signalV. Grimaldi, PhD Thesis, EPFL Lausanne, 2022 CONFERENCE PAPERS + PRESENTATIONS Sound annoyance evaluation of single pass-by vehicle noise V. Grimaldi, T. Pham Vu, H. Lissek, Proceedings of Forum Acusticum, Torino, Italy, September 2023 Effect of head-tracking artefacts on externalization and localization in non-individualized binaural synthesis V. Grimaldi, G. Courtois, L. Simon, H. Lissek, Congrès Français d’Acoustique, Marseille, France, April 2022 Externalization of virtual sounds using low computational cost algorithms for hearables V. Grimaldi, G. Courtois, L. Simon, H. Lissek, Proceedings of Forum Acusticum, Lyon, France, December 2020 Auditory externalization in hearing-impaired listeners with remote microphone systems for hearing aids V. Grimaldi, G. Courtois, P. Estoppey, E. Georganti, H. Lissek, Proceedings of ICSV, Montréal, Canada, July 2019 Objective evaluation of static beamforming on the quality of speech in noise V. Grimaldi, G. Courtois, E. Georganti, H. Lissek, Proceedings of Euronoise, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 2018 Experimental evaluation of speech enhancement methods in remote microphone systems for hearing aids G. Courtois, V. Grimaldi, E. Georganti, H. Lissek, Proceedings of Euronoise, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 2018 Parametric synthesis of crowd noises in virtual acoustic environments V. Grimaldi, C. Böhm, S. Weinzierl and H. von Coler, Proceedings of the 142nd AES Convention, Berlin, Germany, 2017 ~ academic bio2022-2023Postdoctoral researcher ~ Acoustics Group | École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 2017-2022 Doctoral researcher ~ Acoustics Group | École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 2016 Research intern ~ Audio Communication Group | Technische Universität Berlin 2015-2016 Master ATIAM ~ IRCAM + Sorbonne Univeristé Paris https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Contact Wed, 27 Sep 2023 14:30:08 +0000 Vincent Grimaldi https://vincentgrimaldi.net/Contact ~ contact &nbsp; &nbsp; vincent DOT grimaldi AT protonmail DOT com Bandcamp ResearchGate <img width="685" height="685" width_o="685" height_o="685" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/302d9f844c115cd1189160b19df4101c7e669b00f234ba9c52e84bd1c3100c66/b009df08-f451-4b64-a6c4-aff265f667de.jpg" data-mid="236599629" border="0" data-scale="81" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/685/i/302d9f844c115cd1189160b19df4101c7e669b00f234ba9c52e84bd1c3100c66/b009df08-f451-4b64-a6c4-aff265f667de.jpg" />